Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming healthcare by enabling the analysis of complex biomedical datasets and supporting advances in precision medicine. One important application is the classification of cancer types using gene expression data. Gene expression datasets measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously, allowing researchers to identify molecular patterns associated with specific tumour types. These datasets are typically extremely high dimensional and require advanced machine learning techniques to extract meaningful insights. The dataset used in this project contains approximately 802 tumour samples and more than 20,000 gene…